THE ISSUE
Join with the U.S. bishops in calling for new directions in
U.S. international policy finding alternatives other than war in response to
the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.
PREPARATION
The statement below was formulated by a coalition of Catholic leaders and
made public on December 19, 2001. The authors invite a continuing dialogue that
takes seriously the Gospel challenge of Jesus who calls peacemakers blessed and
who reminds us that forgiveness is at the heart of our faith. In so doing, they
call for a new Catholic paradigm for making judgments on war and peace.
The principles of Catholic moral teaching make possible, indeed demand, a
judgment on the morality of our government's massive military response to the
events of September 11th. The bombing of Afghanistan which began on October 7
and the war that continues unabated come under the same Gospel judgment as all
of those realities which the bishops name so accurately as requiring resolution
if our world is ever to be safe.
We believe that these moral assessments demand a new direction in the
worldwide response to terrorism. In addition we invite our bishops and all
Catholics to rethink the "Just War" tradition and seek a new paradigm
for judging questions of war and peace today.
What follows are suggested steps to be taken in that regard, offered here to
stimulate further reflection and discernment. It is our hope that voices might
be raised at every level of our faith community in support of such steps, which
we consider essential for achieving true peace.
ACTION
Read the following statement 1-11. If you are in agreement,
sign the statement by going to the Maryknoll Office for
Global Concerns web site (caution: older browsers may have difficulty with
this site). You may also sign on by sending a fax to Maryknoll Office for
Global Concerns at 202-832-5195.
You are also invited to send copies of the statement to your local media,
your Bishop and/or your Member of Congress. You can also use it as a resource
for a letter to the editor or an op-ed piece that you write. Share the
statement with others and invite them to sign on as well.
STATEMENT:
- The bombing and the war
against Afghanistan must stop and no new theater of military action should
open. Let multinational police action replace these military efforts to
capture the perpetrators of the terrorist violence of September 11th and
turn them over to an international court.
- The rhetoric of war should
cease. Without doubt the destruction done in New York, Arlington, Virginia
and Pennsylvania was massive. In fact, it represents a grave crime against
humanity, the crime of mass murder. The act bears a greater likeness to
the terrible crimes of international criminal networks than it does to
war.
- For these reasons, we call on
the executive and legislative branches of our government to support and
ratify the International Criminal Court. Failure to do so represents a
failure to establish an appropriate and vital tool to address exactly
these types of crimes.
- Control of information has
become a foremost weapon of modern warfare. As people of faith, together
with all citizens committed to the truth, we demand an end to censorship
in any form and under any pretext. We need alternative reliable sources of
information, as well as the existing media establishment, asserting
courageous leadership in pursuing the full truth.
- All the results of the
bombing and other acts of war in Afghanistan must be made known, no matter
who is responsible. The true extent of civilian casualties must become
public and as real to us as are the US casualties in the war.
- We must see to the rebuilding
of Afghanistan, which will require a sustained commitment of support from
the United States. It is morally unacceptable for a senior US official to
say public comments like, "We're here to get these people. That's why
we came. Then we're leaving". The US bears responsibility for what we
have done to Afghanistan. As the history of the 20th Century has shown -
including previous US government involvement in Afghanistan - only a
commitment to help devastated nations rebuild a decent way of life for
their people can prevent future wars and terrorism.
- A just and sustained
resolution of the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians, so
significant and symbolic in the Arab world, requires immediate and active
engagement on the part of our country, along with the international
community. In their letter the bishops make this point most emphatically.
- Fear of terrorism is being
used to create a climate in which some of our Constitutional rights and
liberties are being threatened. Checks and balances set in place by the
Constitution are also being jeopardized. We call on our Congressional
representatives to protect these rights and liberties in accord with their
sworn responsibilities to defend the Constitution of the United States.
- Greater focus needs to be
placed on the larger context in which these awful events occurred --
massive poverty, discrimination and unjust global economic systems. It
would be of inestimable value for the cause of peace to establish a
government commission to study the grievances which are manipulated by
perpetrators of desperate attacks like that which we endured on September 11th.
Broad consultation must be undertaken. As Catholics, we can draw on our
international networks of Catholic institutions, religious and missionary
communities, and worldwide dioceses as valuable resources for important
information and faith-based judgments regarding local situations across
the globe, along with their partners in the larger interfaith community
and non-governmental organizations in the countries where they work. We
need to listen to their voices and to the voices of the marginalized, the poor,
and the victims of war and injustice whom our colleagues in faith
accompany. We need to call upon all of these resources as our partners in
study and discernment, and particularly in service of stopping a spread of
US military action to other countries.
- Religious justification has
been used as an indispensable tool of warfare. Therefore, Catholic
responses after the crimes of September 11th and especially after the
commencement of bombing on October 7th must come under review and
re-evaluation. The comments made within hours and days by prominent church
people justifying military retaliation in the name of Just War principles
may have contributed to an immediate war-making response on the part of
our government. Such declarations also gave the impression that the church
understands itself as a legitimate and authoritative moral voice in giving
permission for war. We are convinced that the first, and second, and last
words from leaders in the Catholic community must promote and explore and
lead the way along every possible peaceful avenue to conflict resolution
and the achievement of justice for all.
- Finally, we call for the
convening of fora throughout the faith community to discern and chart a
new Catholic paradigm to replace Just War Theory. It is time.
REFLECTION
Read the following Gospel passages, take some time for silence, then user
them as references for your reflections / discussion — Matthew 5:43-48; Luke
6:27-35; Luke 5:20-26; Matthew 5:1-12; Matthew 18:21-22; Luke 17:4.
What are the moral criteria needed to sanction the use of force?
Are the just war criteria helpful / applicable in the current situation? Are
there other ciriteria available?
What do you think are the impediments to implementing some of these actions?
Do you believe that these actions will help to develop a more secure and
peaceful world? Why or why not?
What other suggestions might you offer that would help the world to achieve
a peaceful end to terrorism?